Situated in a green valley near the eastern end of the historic Khyber Pass, the city of Peshawar has a recorded history of more than 2000 years, making it the oldest living city in Pakistan. Peshawar, currently the capital of Pakhtunkhwa, was the capital of the ancient Kushan Empire and was home to what may have been the tallest building in the ancient world, the Kanishka stupa. Peshawar was then stormed by the White Huns, before the arrival of Muslim empires. The city was an important trading center during the Mughal era before serving as the winter capital of the Afghan Durrani Empire, from 1757 until the city was captured by the Sikhs in 1818, who were then followed by the British in 1849. Peshawar is a rich mix of old and modern. Historically, the old city of Peshawar was a heavily guarded citadel that consisted of high walls. In the 21st century, only remnants of the walls remain, but the houses and havelis continue to be structures of signifi- cance. Numerous examples of the city’s old architecture can still be seen in areas such as Sethi Mohallah and other structures at the recently renovated “Heritage Trail”. In the old city, many historic monuments and bazaars exist in the 21st century including Balahisar Fort, the Mohabbat Khan Mosque, Gor Kathri, Chowk Yadgar and the Qissa Khwani Bazzar (the street of story tellers). Peshawar is also famous for the warm hospitality of its proud inhabitants who would do everything to make guests and visitors comfortable. It is also a shoppers’ paradise and a place to enjoy tikkas, kababs and other traditional dishes of Pakhtunkhwa. The city is well connected with other parts of the country through air, rail, motor- ways and Grand Trunk Road. Bacha Khan International Airport is a busy local aviation hub that connects the city with all parts of the world.